¿Es detectable empíricamente la protección normativa del territorio? Análisis de las tendencias de temperatura y vegetación del área norte de Bogotá con sensores remotos
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Resumen
Este trabajo presenta un análisis de las tendencias de desarrollo urbano del sector norte de Bogotá, en un área de 6930 hectáreas que incluye el Plan de Ordenamiento Zonal del Norte (POZN) y parte de la reserva natural Thomas Van der Hammen (RTVH). El plan propuesto por la Alcaldía mediante el Decreto 088 de 2017 intenta dar coherencia a un desarrollo urbano que ha ocurrido de facto y con importantes consecuencias ecológicas y sociales mientras que la RTVH intenta proteger las características ecológicas de este sector entre los cerros y el rio Bogotá. El método consistió en analizar series de tiempo de temperatura de la superficie y de vegetación mediante técnicas de teledetección e indicadores radiométricos para identificar los cambios estructurales que ha experimentado el sector en términos de sus componentes biofísicos. Los resultados del análisis ponen en evidencia que el proceso de urbanización instalado en el sector norte de Bogotá es el determinante de las tendencias del espacio biofísico observadas, más allá de las figuras de protección legal que existen que incluyen el POZN y la RTVH. En el caso de la RTVH, el marco de protección no ha sido efectivo para preservar las características ecológicas que justificaron su creación. La inclusión de evidencia empírica como la mostrada en este trabajo en la planificación del desarrollo urbano es clave para avanzar en la protección activa del medio ambiente, más allá del discurso normativo.
Palabras clave:
Teledetección EVI Temperatura de la superficie terestre Planificación urbana Reserva Thomas van der Hammen
Publicado:
abr 1, 2024
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Citas
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Lemoine-Rodríguez, R., Inostroza, L., & Zepp, H. (2022a). Does urban climate follow urban form? Analysing intraurban LST trajectories versus urban form trends in 3 cities with different background climates. Science of the Total Environment, 830. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154570
Lemoine-Rodríguez, R., Inostroza, L., & Zepp, H. (2022b). Intraurban heterogeneity of space-time land surface temperature trends in six climate-diverse cities. Science of the Total Environment, 804, 150037. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150037
Lemoine-Rodríguez, R., MacGregor-Fors, I., & Muñoz-Robles, C. (2019). Six decades of urban green change in a neotropical city: a case study of Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico. Urban Ecosystems, 22(3), 609–618. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-019-00839-9
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Peng, S., Piao, S., Ciais, P., Friedlingstein, P., Ottle, C., Bréon, F. M., Nan, H., Zhou, L., & Myneni, R. B. (2012). Surface urban heat island across 419 global big cities. Environmental Science and Technology, 46(2), 696–703. https://doi.org/10.1021/es2030438
R Core Team. (2020). R: A language and environment for statistical computing (3.6.1). R Foundation for Statistical Computing.
Rozas-Vásquez, D., Fürst, C., Geneletti, D., & Muñoz, F. (2017). Multi-actor involvement for integrating ecosystem services in strategic environmental assessment of spatial plans. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 62, 135–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2016.09.001
Salas-Pérez, C., Coy-Castro, D., Acuña-Ramírez, K., Páez-Cuervo, L., & Upegui, E. (2019). Crecimiento urbano e impermeabilización del suelo alrededor de la Reserva Forestal Thomas van der Hammen, en la ciudad de Bogotá. Ambiente y Desarrollo, 23(44). https://doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.ayd23-44.cuis
Sen, P. K. (1968). Estimates of the Regression Coefficient Based on Kendall’s Tau. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 63(324), 1379–1389. https://doi.org/10.2307/2285891
Seto, K. C., Solecki, W. D., & Griffith, C. A. (2016). The Routledge Handbook of Urbanization and Global Environmental Change. Routledge.
United Nations. (2015). Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
Wentz, E. A., York, A. M., Alberti, M., Conrow, L., Fischer, H., Inostroza, L., Jantz, C., Pickett, S. T. A., Seto, K. C., & Taubenböck, H. (2018). Six fundamental aspects for conceptualizing multidimensional urban form: A spatial mapping perspective. Landscape and Urban Planning, 179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2018.07.007
Zewdie, W., Csaplovics, E., & Inostroza, L. (2017). Monitoring ecosystem dynamics in northwestern Ethiopia using NDVI and climate variables to assess long term trends in dryland vegetation variability. Applied Geography, 79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2016.12.019
Zhong, J., Jiao, L., Droin, A., Liu, J., Lian, X., & Taubenböck, H. (2022). Greener cities cost more green: Examining the impacts of different urban expansion patterns on NPP. Building and Environment, 100358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.109876
Anselin, L. (1995). Local Indicators of Spatial Association—LISA. Geographical Analysis, 27(2), 93–115. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4632.1995.tb00338.x
Artmann, M., Inostroza, L., & Fan, P. (2019a). Urban sprawl, compact urban development and green cities. How much do we know, how much do we agree? Ecological Indicators, 96, 3–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.10.059
Artmann, M., Inostroza, L., & Fan, P. (2019b). Urban sprawl, compact urban development and green cities. How much do we know, how much do we agree? Ecological Indicators, 96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.10.059
Azunre, G. A., Amponsah, O., Peprah, C., Takyi, S. A., & Braimah, I. (2019). A review of the role of urban agriculture in the sustainable city discourse. Cities, 93, 104–119. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2019.04.006
Baró, F., Gómez-Baggethun, E., & Haase, D. (2017). Ecosystem service bundles along the urban-rural gradient: Insights for landscape planning and management. Ecosystem Services, 24, 147–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2017.02.021
Barrera, F. De, Henríquez, C., Coulombié, F., Dobbs, C., & Salazar, A. (2018). Periurbanization and conservation pressures over remnants of native vegetation : impact on ecosystem services for a Latin-American capital city. Change and Adaptation in Socio-Ecological Systems, 4(1), 21–32.
Corporación Autónoma Regional (CAR) de Cundinamarca. (2011). Acuerdo 011 del 19 de julio del 2011, por medio del cual se declara la Reserva Forestal Regional Productora Del Norte De Bogotá “Thomas van der Hammen”, se adoptan unas determinantes ambientales para su manejo y se dictan otras disposiciones.
Clinton, N., & Gong, P. (2013). MODIS detected surface urban heat islands and sinks: Global locations and controls. Remote Sensing of Environment, 134, 294–304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2013.03.008
Daunt, A. B. P., Inostroza, L., & Hersperger, A. M. (2021). The role of spatial planning in land change: An assessment of urban planning and nature conservation efficiency at the southeastern coast of Brazil. Land Use Policy, 111(xxxx). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2021.105771
Gomez-Rodriguez, D., & Beltrán-Vargas, J. (2018). Modelación Dinámica de Bienes y Servicios Ecosistémicos. Colombia Forestal, 21(2), 188–204. revistas.udistrital.edu.co/ojs/index.php/colfor/index
Grimm, N. B., Faeth, S. H., Golubiewski, N. E., Redman, C. L., Wu, J., Bai, X., & Briggs, J. M. (2008). Global change and the ecology of cities. Science, 319(5864), 756–760. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1150195
Huang, J., Lu, X. X., & Sellers, J. M. (2007). A global comparative analysis of urban form: Applying spatial metrics and remote sensing. Landscape and Urban Planning, 82(4), 184–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2007.02.010
Huang, K., Li, X., Liu, X., & Seto, K. C. (2019). Projecting global urban land expansion and heat island intensification through 2050. Environmental Research Letters, 14(11). https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab4b71
Hurtado, L., Pulido, D. M., & Lizarazo, A. (2020). Analisis Multitemporal en la Cobertura del Suelo para la Reserva Forestal Thomas Van der Hammen - Bogota. Revista Geografica de Chile Terra Australis, 56, 71–86.
Inostroza, L. (2017). Informal urban development in Latin American urban peripheries. Spatial assessment in Bogotá, Lima and Santiago de Chile. Landscape and Urban Planning, 165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2016.03.021
Inostroza, L. (2022). Biodiversity and Region: A Unitary System. The Paradigm Shift in 21st Century Urban Development. In M. A. Mejia & J. D. Amaya-Espinel (Eds.), BIODIVERCITIES BY 2030. Transforming Cities with Biodiversity (First edit, p. 431). Instituto de Investigaciones de Recursos Biologicos Alexander von Humboldt.
Inostroza, L., Baur, R., & Csaplovics, E. (2013). Urban sprawl and fragmentation in Latin America : A dynamic quantification and characterization of spatial patterns. Journal of Environmental Management, 115, 87–97.
Inostroza, L., König, H. J., Pickard, B., & Zhen, L. (2017). Putting ecosystem services into practice: Trade-off assessment tools, indicators and decision support systems. Ecosystem Services, 26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2017.07.004
Jones, L., Reis, S., Hutchins, M., Miller, J., He, B., Xu, C., Hagen-zanker, A., Yu, J., Lin, T., Jia, H., Seifert-d, I., Loiselle, S., Russel, D., Sabel, C. E., Fletcher, D., Fitch, A., & Inostroza, L. (2022). Airsheds , watersheds and more – The flows that drive intra-extra-urban connections , and their implications for nature-based solutions (NBS). Nature-Based Solutions, 2(October). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbsj.2022.100040
Kendall, M. G. (1975). Rank correlation methods. Griffin.
Lemoine-Rodríguez, R., Inostroza, L., & Zepp, H. (2020). The global homogenization of urban form. An assessment of 194 cities across time. Landscape and Urban Planning, 204(September). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2020.103949
Lemoine-Rodríguez, R., Inostroza, L., & Zepp, H. (2022a). Does urban climate follow urban form? Analysing intraurban LST trajectories versus urban form trends in 3 cities with different background climates. Science of the Total Environment, 830. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154570
Lemoine-Rodríguez, R., Inostroza, L., & Zepp, H. (2022b). Intraurban heterogeneity of space-time land surface temperature trends in six climate-diverse cities. Science of the Total Environment, 804, 150037. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150037
Lemoine-Rodríguez, R., MacGregor-Fors, I., & Muñoz-Robles, C. (2019). Six decades of urban green change in a neotropical city: a case study of Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico. Urban Ecosystems, 22(3), 609–618. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-019-00839-9
Lemoine-Rodríguez, R., & Mas, J.-F. (2020). LSTtools: An R package to process thermal data derived from Landsat and MODIS images (v0.0.2). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4010732
Oke, T. R., Mills, G., Christen, A., & Voogt, J. A. (2017). Urban Climates.
Peng, S., Piao, S., Ciais, P., Friedlingstein, P., Ottle, C., Bréon, F. M., Nan, H., Zhou, L., & Myneni, R. B. (2012). Surface urban heat island across 419 global big cities. Environmental Science and Technology, 46(2), 696–703. https://doi.org/10.1021/es2030438
R Core Team. (2020). R: A language and environment for statistical computing (3.6.1). R Foundation for Statistical Computing.
Rozas-Vásquez, D., Fürst, C., Geneletti, D., & Muñoz, F. (2017). Multi-actor involvement for integrating ecosystem services in strategic environmental assessment of spatial plans. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 62, 135–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2016.09.001
Salas-Pérez, C., Coy-Castro, D., Acuña-Ramírez, K., Páez-Cuervo, L., & Upegui, E. (2019). Crecimiento urbano e impermeabilización del suelo alrededor de la Reserva Forestal Thomas van der Hammen, en la ciudad de Bogotá. Ambiente y Desarrollo, 23(44). https://doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.ayd23-44.cuis
Sen, P. K. (1968). Estimates of the Regression Coefficient Based on Kendall’s Tau. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 63(324), 1379–1389. https://doi.org/10.2307/2285891
Seto, K. C., Solecki, W. D., & Griffith, C. A. (2016). The Routledge Handbook of Urbanization and Global Environmental Change. Routledge.
United Nations. (2015). Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
Wentz, E. A., York, A. M., Alberti, M., Conrow, L., Fischer, H., Inostroza, L., Jantz, C., Pickett, S. T. A., Seto, K. C., & Taubenböck, H. (2018). Six fundamental aspects for conceptualizing multidimensional urban form: A spatial mapping perspective. Landscape and Urban Planning, 179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2018.07.007
Zewdie, W., Csaplovics, E., & Inostroza, L. (2017). Monitoring ecosystem dynamics in northwestern Ethiopia using NDVI and climate variables to assess long term trends in dryland vegetation variability. Applied Geography, 79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2016.12.019
Zhong, J., Jiao, L., Droin, A., Liu, J., Lian, X., & Taubenböck, H. (2022). Greener cities cost more green: Examining the impacts of different urban expansion patterns on NPP. Building and Environment, 100358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.109876